Jewish women in Europe in the Middle Ages

Simha Goldin

"The social structure of medieval Jewry was dominated by men who did not regard women as sharing equal status, and who took responsibility for the entire community, women included. This leadership sought to strengthen the family, the backbone of Jewish society, while attempting to improve their security within the Christian society which was seeking to displace them. However, this wider aim required improvement in status for women, which would provoke internal opposition within the Jewish community. Goldin's study depicts a social conflict within a community, a conflict that was gender oriented, but primarily social in nature. The twelfth century witnessed fundamental changes in the status of Jewish women in terms of their relationships with their husbands and within the family. The prohibiting of polygamy and divorce without the woman's consent gave rise to a quiet revolution. This...