Parcel Delivery and Urban Form

by Xin Guo

Since the appearance of e-commerce, people’s shopping modes have changed significantly. In the last decade, e-commerce has increased by approximately 15% every year in the UK. In 2015, the value of total e-commerce sales in the UK was £533 billion, which was nearly 20% of all sales. The increasing number of packages has led to a growing number of delivery vehicles in residential areas to deliver the packages to consumers’ homes. The boom of end-to-end delivery was not under the scope of previous urban or traffic plans, which caused unexpected planning and traffic problems. There are two...