Non-Bayesian Inference and Prediction

Di Xiao

In this thesis, we first propose a coherent inference model that is obtained by distorting the prior density in Bayes' rule and replacing the likelihood with a so-called pseudo-likelihood. This model includes the existing non-Bayesian inference models as special cases and implies new models of base-rate neglect and conservatism. We prove a sufficient and necessary condition under which the coherent inference model is processing consistent, i.e., implies the same posterior density however the samples are grouped and processed retrospectively. We show that processing consistency does not imply Bayes' rule by proving a sufficient and necessary condition under which the coherent inference model can be obtained by applying Bayes' rule to a false stochastic model. We then propose a prediction model that combines a stochastic model with certain parameters and a processing-consistent,...